Australia celebrates a centenary of Federation, yet Australian citizenship is just fifty years old. Why is this so? And if Australians weren't always citizens, what were they before? This book addresses these and other fundamental issues, contributing significantly to current debates on citizenship in Australia and the growing literature on citizenship in a globalising world. Historical, sociological, legal, educational, and political perspectives are offered in sections on Australian Citizenship, Individual and Citizenship, and Globalisation and Citizenship.