Volume 9 of the IELTS Research Reports brings together six empirical studies, through collaborative working with researchers from around the world. The Volume 9 studies focus on aspects of the individual test modules of IELTS, and draw invaluable conclusions for the development of the test. Indeed, the contents deal with contemporary themes of direct relevance not just to the IELTS test producers and other IELTS stakeholders but to the wider language teaching and testing community.